Friday September 6th

The 6th of Friday was the last day where SENS6 delegates were able to exchange their scientific value before a large audience. Of course,there were a great amount of interesting and unforgettable reports, but I want to share my impressions of the short talk by Anastasia Shindyapina,a promising young scientist (Lomonosov Moscow State University,Russia),who represented a modern views on the regulated process of mineralization in aging soft tissues. It is supposed that mechanisms leading to calcium salts deposition in soft tissues could be a highly regulated process and ways leading to these disorders are also different and depend on patient gender,disease type and age. However calcium apatite accumulation can be find in the different tissue type and also leading to osteoporosis,atherosclerosis and chronic kidney disease. Evidently,researchers have not a clear idea in order to the calcification mechanisms. Nevertheless the scientific interest and awareness of a vital issue associated with longevity were leading to a modern method- bioinformatic analysis of the molecular pathways underlying calcification in atherosclerosis and chronic kidney disease patients, signaling pathways of collagen cross-links formation and bone mineralization and supposed new potential targets to calcification treatments and review drugs for the targets.
It seems to be the first significant step in order to understand age-related mineralization which is going on well and shows a big promise in future agong research.
In addition to the above it is necessary to remind a recent Anastasia Shindyapina and her collegues(Mr. Garik V Mkrtchyan, Miss Tatiana Gneteeva, Mr. Sveatoslav Buiucli, Dr. M Kulka, Dr. B Tancowny, Mr. Alexander Aliper, and Dr. Alexander Zhavoronkov) achievement — published work «Mineralization of the connective tissue: a complex molecular process leading to age-related loss-of-function» in Rejuvenation Research journal(July,2013)


The next exciting and essential age -related issue was reported by Alex Zhavoronkov
(Director and trustee of Biogerontology Research Foundation). The new economic arguments for accelerating aging research were proposed by Alex. Really, economic analysis and inestimable advantage concerning longevity extension should be well improved and mathematically established in order to be sure that long-lived society will not face an economic instability in
long-range guess. So, in addition to the above Alex Zhavoronkov introduced new parameters that can be used to the economic growth models:rate of clinical adoption,biomedical progress rate and the rate of change in retirement age.The biomedical progress rate is comprised of the rejuvenation rate .extending the productive lifespan and the non-rejuvenating rate,extending the life-span after the age at which the net contribution to the economy becomes negative.
Nevertheless the citizen attitude to life extension achievement is very different and it is also depend on our parents and grandparents life experience and views.So,
it is necessary to change our world outlook and believe in the power of healthy living.

Thursday September

 The 8th session "Beyond  organ transplantation" was opened by John Jackon (Wake  Forest  Institute for Regent Medicine, USA). Speaker told about  characterization of decellularized thymus scaffolds for use in engineering thymus tissue. It is known that the thymus undergoes  a process  of involution  associated with the  T cells decreasing during evolution. In order to solve these aging problem the group of scientists have developed a an engineered thymus that may provide a method to increase the number of naive mature T cells and to enhance immune responses to pathogens.In addition the main target of this project is to create a thymus by developing  decellurazitation protocols to produce  natural scaffolds having the potential to support the production of a functional thymus.
Eric Lagasse (McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine ) reported about the еctopic organogenesis in lymph node. So,one of the main goal in order to prevent health crisis associated with aged organs is to grow tissues and organs in the lab. Scientist supposed  the concept that certain locations in the body may be amenable  to in vivo tissue and organ regeneration.And in addition to above it has been hypothesized that the lymph node (LN) offers a rich environment not only to the lymphocytes but also to the variety of tumor cells by creating a new form of tumor mass  that is appropriate to this target.It is an mysterious fact and by the way it is needed a well advanced methodology for the future ectopic and organ regeneration.
Steve Van Sickle offered an improved technology for organ cryopreservation by vitrification.
The desire to create the safe organs storage is limited by the well improved method  presence. By the way it has been developed a new technology which is able to eliminate fracturing and reduce the effective toxicity of verifiable cryoprotectants.
The 9th session"Cellular regeneration" was begun by the  Robin Franklin(Cambridge University, UK)
 project presentation according to myelin regeneration and ageing. Scientist paid an attention to the recent studies aimed to obtaining a detailed understanding of the mechanisms of regulating differentiation during remyelination and hence identifying novel therapeutic targets.
Graca Almeida-Porada(Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, USA) reported a project according to engineering stem cells for liver and gut regeneration. It was discussed the viral proteins usage in order to enhance the inherent immune privilege by these cells and by the way to improve their survaival and therapeutic abilities in allogeneic settings.
Malcolm Maden (University of Florida) finished this session by the exciting question "Regeneration in adult organisms -a cure for ageing"? Speaker discovered an abillity of retinoic acid to induce  regeneration in mammalian organs such as luns and spinal cord which normally luck this opportunities.  So it is needed more experiments in order to be sure about the retinoic acid properties.
The 10th session "SENS Lecture an short talks" was began by George Church report about technologies for reading, writing and unterpreting omes. In order to study and analyze  the variable data such as human diplotypes, immunosomes, microbiomes and etc. It is needed an advanced medicine requires and also we need next-generation human genome and epi-genome engineering using CRISPR by minimizing off-targeting and maximizing multiplexing.
Justin Rebo discussed about treating cytopenia with ESC derived blood cells The main problem in order to get a big amount of the blood cell progenitors is a very limited bone marrow supply, while production of these cells would have a great clinical benefit.The attempts to receive blood cells progenitors from ESCs have met a fail: the derived progenitors lacked bone marrow homing ability when transplanted into irradiated mice and  didn't protect mice from myelotoxicity.On this account the scientific group developed a novel differentiation process to address these problems.Thus, they produced hematopoietic-colony-forming cells that express CXCR4,the receptor for SDF-1 and key mediator the bone marrow homing pathway,without using any genetic manipulation. In addition they showed that these cells home to the bone marrow and increased survival in mice with cytotoxic induced cytopenia.
Another disturbing problem associated with cardiac diseases.In view of these James Larick (Panorama Research Institute,USA) and his colleagues suppose that the augmented Sodium-Potasium ATPASE (NKA) activity is correlated with a positive cardiotonic action and perhaps most importantly activation cardioprotective pathways in vivo.

Wednesday September 4th

2th Wednesday session "Telomeres and cancer" begins by introducing Zhenyu JU project "Telomere dysfunction and stem cell aging"  So, it's not surprised that telomere dysfunction represents as one of the molecular mechanisms in order to limit adult stem function.It is supposed that it is possible to rejuvenate the aging stem cells bydeletion DNA damage checkpoints. Also it has been found that telomere dysfunction induce  alteration systemic environmental factors contribute to the impared lymphopoiesis and decline stem cell functionality. However the ntES and iPS cells applying can rejuvenate the somatic cells from aged telomere dysfunctuion.
The next delegate Haroldo SIlva (SENS Research Foundation, USA)  spoke about ALT (Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres)
according to cancer cells, especially 10-15percent of cancer cells characterized by the ALT  presence but the the main problem in order to use ALT therapies is a lack of assays that are reliable to high- content screens.(HTS). However the OncoSENS team has made a great work in order to making some of these key ALT assays compatimble with HTS formatIn that way it seems to achieve more success according to ALT-based  anti-cancer development.  By shutting down bo4th ALT- and telomerase- based pathways in cancers will move move thefield forward realizing the goal of a complete eradication in  exciting age-related disease. Rigton Lentz(Georgetown University, USA) concluded the session  and  reportedabout clinicaldata on the use  of the of blood filtration in order to reduce the levels of these receptors below the tumor protective threshold and by the way to destroy and clean even advanced metastatic cancers. The 4th session - Combination persistent viruses  was opened by Charles Cao project  "Nanoparticle- based artificial RNA silencing machinery forr antiviral therapy".It was shown an nontoxic specifically designed nanozyme  for the treatment of hepatitis C virus can easily cleave HCV RNA in a sequence spesific manner.It is a great promise to use such creation as a  useful tool for functional genomics. Then Paul Lenher (Cambridge University, UK)  reported about a novel therapetutic target for latent human cytomegalovirus infection.Finally,
Todd RIder (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA)  told about the "Panacea broad-spectrum antiviral therapeutics" .So the group of scientists developed Double-stranded RNA Activated Caspase Oligomerizer (DRACO) approach which selectively induces apoptosis in cells containing viral dsDNA and rapidly killing infected cells without any toxic effect to the uninfected cells. The next associated with short talks, cell senescene and anergy.Gregory Chin (SENS Research Foundation, USA)opened tis talk on the traningfuture SENS Researchers education. Lia GInaldi(University of L'Aquila, Italy) told about the link between osteoporosis and the iflammatory immune profile characterising immunosenescence.  Alexandra Stolzing reported about  in vitro derived microglia transplation opportunities in order to treat an age-related neurodegenerative Alzheimer's disease. It is found that senescene microglia accumulate in AD causing inflammation, neuonal damage and that's why seems to be attractive target for replacement therapies.John Sedivy from Brown University, USA discussed about  "Chromatin and epigenetic dynamics in senescene phenotypes". He developed a the hypothesis that  that the "loosening" of our endogenous genomic parasites, the RTEs(retrotransposable elements, is an important unexplored molecular aging process that can potentionally occur in most of our tissue. Jan van Deursen (Mayo Clinic, USA) spoke about stem and progenitor cell senescene in aging..So, his scientific group discovered mutant mice with low amountsof the mitotic checkpoint protein BubR1 accumulate large amounts of p16Ink4a positevely senescent cells  in eye, skeletal muscles and fat at a young age.By genetic inactivation of p16Ink4a or drug-induced apoptosis we get an ability to delay premature aging.The next session posed an exiting topic associated with disruptive medicine. Richard Barker from CASMI, UK represented the he collarobation between Oxford University and University College London and the translation research research processes from bench to clinic. Sam Parnia observed the topic about redefining and reversing death - the prospect for new restricitation techniques to allow patients to make a full recovery even after multiple hours spent clinically "dead".
Finally the 7th Wednesday session emphasized delegate's attention to the cardiovascular aging. So,Elizabeth Corder (Matrix Genomics, USA) reported about her group's finding on the relantionship between SNPs region of the human telomerase and the incidence of coronary artery disease. After that David Spiegel from the Yale University reported about chemical andbiological approaches to understanding advanced glycatio end-products (AGEs). Brian O'Nuallian closed this sessin by introducing the innate and vaccin-generated antibodies against transtyretin amyloids.discussed the role aoamyloids relatively Alzheimer's disease and diabetes. It is known that amyloid diseases are incurable and it is needed an non-invasive  diagnostics.So in order to this the antibodies were created allowing to both recognise and directly catalyse the breakdown of toxic amyloid assemblies.

Tuesday September 3th

SENS6 (Strategies for Engineered Neglible Senescene) Conference has began 3th September 2013 in Queen's College Cambridge,UK. So,the delegate of the young russian students in the head of Alex Zhavoronkov (Biogerontology Research Foundation) are also participate in this action where Anastasia Shindyapina will have a 15 minutes talk session (September 6th) in order to her project "Mineralization of the connective tissue: a complex molecular process leading to age-related loss-of-function" and Alex Zhavoronkov will represent us with an important part of the age-related issues such as " New economic arguments for accelerating aging research" ( September 6th).

At the first session " Calorie restriction in primates" the foreign scientists (Ingram and Anderson) represented a complex research associated with the calorically restricted diet affect the lifespan extension and aging-related diseases in the different organisms ranged from unicellular to non-human primates by presenting summaries of more than 20 years of longitudial data gathered at the their institutios.
So, Donald Ingram ( Pennington Biomedical Research Center,USA ) showed in his work "Is calorie a calorie"that after 150 rhesus monkyes studies including monkeys with CR (Calorie Restriction)  and a control group, the CR group are healtheir that fully-food counterparts based on reduced incidence of chronic diseases,exhobot significally better indices of predisposition to disease.
Rozalyn Anderson (University of Winfileston) in her work " impact of CR on aging in rhesus monkeys-a focus on metabolism". So,analysis of metabolic rate and energy indicate that the CR animals differ from controls in metabolic efficiency. Also, in CR animals the onset of sarcopenia is delayed and multiple indicators of cellular metabolism just prove a "younger" profile.
In the end of the session Luigi Fontana ( Washington University,USA/Sakerano University,Italy) discussed about the implications of the primate data for calorie restriction in human. The difference between the 2 above stidies is caused by various diet composition,hormonal and metabolic adaptions and so on. However, we don't currenty know about the CR possibillities in human lifespan extension.

At the second session "Small -molecule interventions effective at late age" Dongheng Cai (Albert Einstein College of Medicine,USA) reported about "Hypotalamic control of ging and longevity".So,it is known that IKK/NF-kB activation affects the adult neural stem cells  fate leading to aging and metabolic syndrome conditions.By the way, Cai and his scientific group found that NF-kB signalling in the hypothalamus can positively and negatively regulate multiple aging phenotypes in mice and the mediation of this effect in the restof the body by gonadotropin- relesing hormone.
Danica Chen (Univesity of California at Berkley,USA),"Sirtuin regulation of metabilism and stem cells" supposed that SIRT 3 reactivation can induce rejuvination in older organisms.
Frank Modeo (Unoversity of Graz,Austria),"Spermidine induces autopology in multiple species and mimics calorie restriction"  found that external administration of spemidine troggers aitopothology and prolongs lifespan of yeasts,flies and worms in authophagy dependent manner.

During the sessions all delegates can discuss the interest and exciting questions with a cup of cofee and delicious breakfast/lunch/dinner meetings.